ICU患者发生产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌 感染的危险因素分析及预测模型的建立

[摘要]　目的　探讨ICU患者发生产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended spectrum beta-lactamases, ESBLs）革兰阴性杆菌感染的危险因素，并构建相关预测模型。方法　选取2017年5月—2021年4月我院ICU发生大肠埃希菌或肺炎克雷伯菌感染的189例患者作为研究对象，收集患者的临床资料，使用单因素分析、LASSO回归和多因素Logistic回归分析ICU患者30 d内发生产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌感染的危险因素，并据此建立列线图预测模型。结果　急性生理与慢性健康评分≥16分、留置尿管时长≥7 d、抑酸剂使用时长≥3 d、第三代头孢菌素使用时长≥3 d、抗菌药物联用时长≥3 d和ICU住院时间≥15 d是ICU患者30 d内发生产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌感染的危险因素（P均＜0.05）。依此建立预测ICU患者30 d内发生产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌感染的列线图风险模型，模型验证结果显示C-index为0.795，校正曲线趋近于理想曲线，AUC为0.807（95%CI：0.775～0.839），在2%～81%预测范围内，列线图净获益。结论　ICU患者30 d内发生产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌感染的危险因素包括APACHEⅡ评分≥16分、留置尿管时长≥7 d、抑酸剂使用时长≥3 d、第三代头孢菌素使用时长≥3 d、抗菌药物联用时长≥3 d和ICU住院时间≥15 d，据此构建的列线图模型能有效预测ICU患者30 d内发生产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌感染的风险概率，具有一定的临床价值。     

南京某国际高中学生艾滋病知识知晓率及影响因素分析

目的 分析南京市某国际高中学生艾滋病知识知晓率及其影响因素,为制定高中生艾滋病健康教育策略提供依据。方法 对南京市某国际高中所有学生开展纸质问卷调查,统计分析艾滋病知识知晓率及其影响因素。 共纳入171名高中生为调查对象,艾滋病和梅毒的知识知晓率分别为56.1%和46.8%;有过性行为的占14.6%,其艾滋病知识知晓率最高为32.0%,(χ2=10.799,P=0.005);有吸毒史的学生占9.3%,其艾滋病知识知晓率最高为31.2%,(χ2=21.062,P<0.001);梅毒知识知晓者与不知晓者的艾滋病知识知晓率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=21.716,P<0.001)。 该国际高中学生性病和艾滋病知识知晓率较低,对高中生开展毒品危害教育和性病艾滋病防治应作为健康教育工作重点。     

Oxygen sensing,anaesthesia and critical care: a narrative review

In 2019, the scientists who discovered how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability were awarded the Nobel Prize. This elegant sensing pathway is conserved throughout evolution, and it underpins the physiology and pathology that we, as clinicians in anaesthesia and critical care, encounter on a daily basis. The purpose of this review is to bring hypoxia-inducible factor, and the oxygen-sensing pathway as a whole, to the wider clinical community. We describe how this unifying mechanism was discovered, and how it orchestrates diverse changes such as erythropoiesis, ventilatory acclimatisation, pulmonary vascular remodelling and altered metabolism. We explore the lessons learnt from genetic disorders of oxygen sensing, and the wider implications in evolution of all animal species, including our own. Finally, we explain how this pathway is relevant to our clinical practice, and how it is being manipulated in new treatments for conditions such as cancer, anaemia and pulmonary hypertension.     

Dual-target inhibitors of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) in cancer therapy: Current situation and future directions

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is emerging as a therapeutic target that acts synergistically with other targets of small-molecule drugs in cancer. Therefore, the discovery of potential new dual-target inhibitors of BRD4 may be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight a series of strategies to design therapeutic dual-target inhibitors of BRD4 that focus on the synergistic functions of this protein. Drug combinations that exploit synthetic lethality, protein–protein interactions, functional complementarity, and blocking of resistance mechanisms could ultimately overcome the barriers inherent to the development of BRD4 inhibitors as future cancer drugs.     

Role of serum and synovial procalcitonin in differentiating septic from non-septic arthritis- a prospective study

IntroductionSeptic arthritis is a serious orthopaedic emergency that must be diagnosed and managed early to prevent devastating complications. The current gold standard for diagnosing septic arthritis is synovial fluid culture, but results are delayed by 48–72 h, and the sensitivity of the test is very low. Differentiating Septic from non-septic arthritis is vital to prevent unnecessary use of antibiotics and prevent complications. Serum Procalcitonin (PCT) is a useful marker in differentiating septic from non-septic arthritis but there are very few studies that have studied the role of synovial PCT for the same.AimTo determine the role of serum and synovial PCT in differentiating acute Septic from non-septic arthritis.Materials and methodsProspective clinical study in which 60 patients presenting with acute inflammatory arthritis (<2 weeks duration) were enrolled from May 2018 to May 2020. Serum and synovial fluid samples were drawn at presentation and routine blood investigations, synovial fluid culture sensitivity, and Procalcitonin levels were measured. Patients were divided into 3 groups, with group-1 having confirmed pyogenic, group-2 having presumed pyogenic, and group-3 having non –pyogenic patients, respectively. All data was tabulated and statistically analysed using appropriate tests.ResultsMean serum PCT values in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 1.06 ± 1.11, 0.85 ± 0.74, and 0.11 ± 0.24, respectively. Patients in the Pyogenic group (group1 and group 2) had significantly higher mean serum PCT as compared to group3 (p < 0.0001). Group 1 had higher serum PCT as compared to group 2, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.58). Mean synovial PCT in group 1, 2 and 3 were 2.42 ± 1.98, 1.89 ± 1.18, and 0.22 ± 0.40, respectively. Patients in the Pyogenic group (Group1 and Group2) had significantly higher mean synovial PCT as compared to Group 3 (p < 0.0001). Group 1 had higher mean synovial PCT as compared to group 2, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.54). The area under the ROC curve of the serum levels of PCT was 0.0.895, and the area under the ROC curve of the synovial fluid levels of PCT was 0.914, which was higher than the serum PCT level.ConclusionSerum and synovial Procalcitonin may be used as a diagnostic marker in differentiating septic from inflammatory arthritis and can help in reducing unnecessary use of antibiotics and early diagnosis and management of septic arthritis, thereby preventing complications.     

前列腺源性ETS因子在哮喘及鼻黏膜炎性疾病中的研究进展

含SAM尖端结构域的E26转化特异性因子(SPDEF)是ETS转录因子家族的最新成员之一, SPDEF又称为前列腺源性ETS因子(PDEF),首次发现其在前列腺癌中高度表达,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖分化、迁移凋亡和血管形成。近年来研究发现SPDEF与杯状细胞增生和分化密切相关,是调控呼吸道黏液高分泌的核心因子。对SPDEF调控黏液高分泌的机制及其在呼吸道慢性炎性疾病中的研究进展做一综述,以期为呼吸道黏液高分泌疾病的发病机制和诊治提供新思路。     

踝关节骨折术后切口感染危险因素的Meta分析

 目的 探讨踝关节骨折术后切口感染的主要危险因素。方法 计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方、VIP、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库自建库至2021年6月文献,由两名评价员根据纳入及排除标准独立筛选文献、提取数据和进行质量评价后,应用Rev Man 5.3和STATA 12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 纳入12篇文献,共10 037例患者,其中切口感染560例,感染发病率为5.58%。Meta分析结果显示,踝关节骨折术后切口感染的主要危险因素包括:年龄(MD=4.70,95%CI:3.05~6.34)、身体质量指数(MD=0.82,95%CI:0.36~1.29)、术前清蛋白<35 g/L (OR=2.30,95%CI:1.26~4.22)、糖尿病(OR=1.71,95%CI:1.26~2.30)、合并心脏病(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.74~4.91)、吸烟(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.05~2.16)、饮酒(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.19~2.05)、开放性骨折(OR=5.59,95%CI:4.05~7.73)、伴有骨折脱位(OR=1.72,95%CI:1.35~2.18)、手术时间(MD=24.56,95%CI:17.59~31.53)、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级≥3级(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.51~2.78)、Ⅱ~Ⅳ级污染切口(OR=4.66,95%CI:2.93~7.43)。结论 踝关节骨折术后切口感染危险因素多,医务人员应重视踝关节骨折术后切口感染的主要危险因素,采取针对性措施降低切口感染率。